Mao ZeDong
“I strongly believe that I have contributed the most to my country, be it in the form of education, culture or social reforms, constructing China to what it is today. I am a key figure of Marxism, a great protagonist, strategist and theoretician of the revolutions in China, as well as an important educator of the proletariat!
Education
I’ve created many great writings on education and with my experience in teaching, I’ve paved the way to a specifically Chinese form of socialist education. I’ve not only led my people to set out on the path of this education during the stages of my planned neo-democratic, socialist revolution and construction, my idea also has far-reaching significance for fundamental principles and general philosophy even to this day.
The Chinese sum up his contribution to education in the phrase: ‘the educational doctrine of Mao Zedong’. Mao Zedong gradually developed and refined his educational doctrine on the basis of three main building blocks: his personal experience of teaching, Marxism, and the very rich cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. If we take stock of his life, it is clear that his contribution to the Chinese revolution and the construction of the country far outweighs his mistakes. This especially applies to education.
A historian once wrote: The educational doctrine of Mao Zedong is a rich and valuable contribution to the history of education in China. It is really most important to study this doctrine.
During my time, I made many educational innovations. In 1917, I founded a night school for workers, in which I taught history. In August 1918, I’ve also organized for the immersion of Chinese students to France to travel on a combined work and study scheme. In June 1919, under my guidance, the Hunan student association was formatted. I’ve also founded the Open University of Hunan in August 1921.
During the agrarian revolutionary struggle period between 1929 to 1937, I was personally involved in teaching at the Red Army Academy and also organized the political, military and cultural training of the officers and soldiers. During the war of resistance and liberation against Japan (1937-1949), I led the revolutionary struggle, nevertheless, i continued to supervise revolutionary education directly by chairing the Pedagogical committee of the Anti-Japanese Military and Political College. There, i held classes and developed teaching aids. This result in education made rigid strides in all the revolutionary bases.
In the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region, there were originally only three secondary schools and 120 primary schools. In 1946, the number of primary schools rose to 2 990, there were seven secondary schools, and all sorts of other institutions had been opened. Under his guidance, teaching flourished and broke new ground.
Equality and Democracy
I made knowledge democratical, freeing people from the domination of the ‘education clique’ then and united manual workers and intellectuals. After 1927, I created an independent revolutionary base and a democratic workers’ and peasants’ regime. I brought in the idea that methods of running schools should be diversified, the
education system reformed and school curricula reconstructed to adapt them to the needs of the masses, who should be mobilized and organized on a wide scale so as to become involved in the management of education.
Adding on to that, I appealed for woman rights and equality among Chinese, especially the peasants and the middle class, resulting in the May-fourth revolution.
In accordance to Mao’s saying “ Woman hold up half the sky ”, woman are now legally on a equal footing with men.
Social
Quoting a US congress report of Mao and CCP’s rule of 1967:
In a remarkably short time, the new government had:
Suppressed banditry
Restored the battered railroad station to operation
Repaired and extended the badly neglected system of dikes
Began an extensive programme of public health and sanitation
Introduced a stable currency and enforced a nationwide tax system
Provided a tolerably even distribution of available food and clothing
This further prove my contribution in constructing my country, and settling my people. I managed to ‘introduce a stable currency and enforced a nationwide tax system’ and ‘provide a tolerably even distribution of available food and clothing’ even after the soaring inflation in the last years of KMT regime that had ruined confidence in the money system.
I used the method of collectivizing agriculture but unlike Stalin, I persuaded the peasants into cooperative farming instead of forcibly dispose them of their livestock as Stalin had done. This method greatly increased the productivity of the farmers, improving the country’s economy.
I carried out vast public health campaigns, which greatly reduced chronic health problems such as the high infant motality rate and widespread endermic diseases of pre-Communist China.
Cultural
I value the outstanding cultural heritage of China and am against ‘wholesale
Westernization’. Having founded the Open University of Hunan, I managed to emulate
both the traditional Chinese schools and modern institutions, preserving our Chinese cultural.
Cai Yuanpei, a famous educationist of the time, praised the Open University of Hunan which, he said, ‘combined the traditions of Chinese schools and Western research institutes’, and should serve as a ‘model for the new universities in every province’.”
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I, Adolf Hitler, has contributed most to my country, Germany.
Protecting Germany and giving Germans sense of Hope
After Germany lost in World War 1, I was the one who supplied information to help track down soldiers involved in uprising. It was then my officers were impressed by my hostility to left-wing ideas and recruited me as a political officer. Thus, I was the one who helped lecture soldiers on political philosophy favored by the army and help combat the influence of the Russian Revolution on the German soldiers at that time.
Through that I was able to captivate my audience and make them realize that Germany can be great again, and the Treaty of Versailles forced on Germany was unfair – German Government had to give away 13% of her territory, which means the loss of 6million people and a large percentage of raw materials like iron ore, coal etc. Germany also lost all her overseas colonies. In addition, under the treaty, Germany had to pay reparations for the damage caused by the war. All these was to weaken Germany, and it was me, who stood up and let the people realize that Germany had not been beaten on the battlefield but had been betrayed by the Jews and Marxists who had preached revolution and undermined the war effort. Thus I convinced the Germans to unite and go against Jews. For I believe they were involved with Communists in a joint conspiracy to take over the world. I was doing my part in protecting Germany from falling into the hands of Communists.
After joining German Worker’s Party, it’s thanks to my speeches about the injustices done to Germany that was able to let my audience be aware of their emotions of hatred. Without my speech as a brilliant orator, the people would be in a state of depression and sense of failure by the unfair treatment given by the treaty. I, gave Germans hope when they needed it most.
I believed that the external security is largely determined by the size of it’s territory. And I promised to provide protection and living space for Germans, thus I needed to fight for the land we lost during the First World War. I first form an alliance with Britain and Italy. Without this ingenious move of mine, Germany would have to fight a war in the East and West at the same time. I knew we couldn’t afford that.
Economically
There was a period where it was difficult to gain support from the people as the Nazi Party faced competition with other extremist parties. Furthermore, people under the German Government had their loves improved as economy improved and unemployment rates fell. However, I was sure that only Me, and the Nazi Party would be capable enough to protect the Germans. I predicted that there would be an economic disaster under the government, but nobody believed me. Until the Wall Street Crash. (As Germany relied heavily on the United States, the crash brought economic disaster and unemployment.) People were then convinced that I’m a clever man and also believed that I’d be able to solve it. It was Me. And the Nazi Party that created a sense of hope for the people.
After much trouble, when I finally became the dictator of Germany, I made the state play a more prominent role in managing the economy. Industrialists were sometimes told what to produce and what price they should charge for the goods that they made. I also had the power to order workers to move to where they were required. By taking these powers, I was able to control factors such as inflation and unemployment that had caused considerable distress in previous years. And as I was fair enough to industrialists as companies were allowed to maintain their profit margins, there were no disagreements. I also introduced other policies such as banning the use of labor-saving machineries, which helped reduce unemployment and improved Germany’s economy.
Making Germany great again
Increasing military strength
In October 1933 I withdrew Germany from the League of Nations as a result of the failure of disarmament talks. Under Treaty of Versailles Germany was militarily weak. It is thus important for me to take measures to strengthen Germany again. I increased the size of German Army, ignored the restrictions on weapons that had been imposed by the treaty. When it was clear that no action was going to be taken against Germany, I felt strong enough, and introduced military conscription.
Regaining lost land
Although it was clear that France and Britain were militarily stronger than Germany, I saw that they were unwilling to go to war and practiced appeasement. Thus I took another step to break another aspect of the Treaty, by sending German troops into Rhineland.
Expanding Germany
My confidence boosted by the appeasement France and Britain practice. I began to conquer other countries like Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium and France. It was difficult and I went through a lot of trouble but still, took the bold risk to make Germany big again. This was to expand Germany so that it would be stronger than being under the unfair Treaty of Versailles. It would also give my German people more living space.
I then wanted to take over Soviet Union, but failed as a result of the bad weather. Later, it’s the Japanese’s fault to drag US into the war that made me lost this battle in expanding Germany.
Warning for the Future
Although my actions left Europe devastated, my regime had illustrated the dangers of nationalism, the obscenity of racism and the importance of democracy. It was an expensive lesson, but nobody can deny that it did provide the basis for a better future.
Conclusion
I hereby conclude that, I, Adolf Hitler, needless to say, has contributed a lot to my country. I protected my German people and gave them a sense of hope when things were bad, I improved Germany’s economy, and even made Germany great again by increasing her military strength, regaining her lost lands and tried conquering other German populated country to expand Germany. In long term, my policies even provided the basis for a better future.
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Leader of China's Revolution
I, Sun Yat-Sen, am a Chinese Revolutionary leader who fought to establish the republic of China. Generally, I am called "The Father Of The Revolution”. On one hand, I am remembered as one freeing China from imperialism, a revolutionary building a free country on the basis of constitutional government; on the other hand I am remembered for my contribution, legacy, and ideals on China and its people. By synthesizing traditional Chinese culture with Western culture, a way to build a new China was created.
My three principles: nationalism, democracy, and socialism.
In 1896, I derived a formula for government that would later become the fundamental basis for the government in China. My western influence can also be observed in the democratic ideology found in the Three People's Principles. The Three People's Principles are essentially: nationalism, the creation of a new state; democracy, the creation of a government upholding democracy; and the people's livelihood, the primary concern being land reform . I also advocated a "five power constitution" which included the examination and censorial branches in addition to the executive, legislative and judicial branches, for purpose of control. I understood that China was not immediately ready for complete democracy. In outlining the Three People's Principles I had planned for the government to first establish military control. Over a period of time, the people would then be encouraged to participate in government and the election process.
My political party was the Kuomintang or Nationalist Party. From 1911 to 1922, I tried to unite China and establish a stable government. I believed that nationalism and the creation of a strong central Government, and I believed democracy and the economical security for all Chinese. I believe that all Chinese that were poor or rich could do any thing they wanted. My party adopted a constitution, and I became the temporary president of the Chinese republic in 1912.
In Jan 1,1912 I was the first president of China. My term as a president was short. I was president for only about two months, then some strong northern Chinese took over my place as president. Even though I was not the president, when the Chinese took over, all of my followers was still with me.
I continued to work for the unification of China. After failing to get assistance from the West, I turned to the soviet union. With funds and help from the soviet union, I recognized the Kuomintang Party and Army in 1923. I set up the Whampoa Military Academy, with Chiang Kai-shek as superintendent.
Fund-raising to finance revolutionary activities
I had close connections with the overseas Chinese, especially in Southeast Asia and America. With a strong power of persuasion, I was able to win enthusiastic financial support from them. Living in a foreign (often unfriendly) environment, the overseas Chinese were particularly sensitive to being discriminated against by foreigners. As a result, these Chinese people were especially patriotic. They contributed much money in my fund-raising campaigns. The funds were in the form of "patriotic bonds". The revolutionaries promised that the money would be repaid to the buyer after the success of the future revolution.
Connections with foreigners and request for foreign help
It had been my policy to win foreign sympathy for the Chinese revolutionary movement. I convinced many other fellow revolutionaries of the importance of such a policy. I had the connections and opportunities to turn to foreign governments for help. I had many good foreign friends in Britain, America and Japan. Through these foreign friends, I could every now and then explain to both foreign governments and foreign peoples the harmlessness, good intention and (above all) moderation of the Chinese revolutionary movement, so that my revolution would not be mistaken for another anti-foreign uprising like the Boxer Uprising. It is true that the 1911 Revolution broke out and developed without the active help of foreign powers. But in respecting foreign privileges in China, the revolutionaries were able to win foreign neutrality, without which we the Chinese revolution would never succeed.
Strong confidence
With repeated failures of revolutionary attempts in the late 1 900s, morale began to decline among many revolutionaries. I, however, continued to view the future optimistically. I kept his fellow revolutionaries going. And if to some people I appeared to be childish and unrealistic, he nevertheless provided a quality so very important for the success of a revolution - faith.
End to the monarchical form of government
Politically speaking, the 1911 Revolution was a decisive break with the past. For over two thousand years, China had been ruled by the monarchical form of government. Now, in 1911, however, she was willing and determined to abandon it. Whereas in the past, the dynasty could claim absolute obedience from its subject people, the Chinese people after 1911 began to learn that sovereignty (i.e. national right) belonged finally to them and to no one else.
Economic Contributions
For China to become a strong economic power, I placed crucial emphasis on the need for China to be industrialized, based explicitly on the Hamiltonian system of banking I had studied in Hawaii. In The Fundamentals of National Reconstruction, I argue that the key to China's development, is the establishment of a national bank. The opening of the Central Bank of China today marks the opening of the first bank established by the revolutionary government. In establishing this bank, the government desires to finance commercial enterprises. Therefore, I also marked the beginning of government participation in business enterprises.
Today, China is working on large-scale infrastructure projects, such as the Three Gorges Dam, which I had first proposed in 1919! The means by which this and other projects are being funded today comes compliments of the national banks China has established.
My plan for China's industrialization was to have large-scale infrastructure projects, including: “100,000 to 200,000 miles of railroads, 1,000,000 miles of roads; improvement of existing canals; construction of new canals; regulating rivers; making rivers more navigable; the construction of telegraph lines throughout the country; the development of commercial harbors; the building of modern cities; with public utilities to be constructed in all railway centers; water power development; iron and steel works, and cement works on the largest scale; mineral development, which is compliments of the mining industry; agricultural development; irrigational work on the largest scale, in Mongolia and Sinkiang; reforestation of Central and North China. Integration of Manchuria, Mongolia, Sinkiang Kokonor, and Tibet.”
Another requirement for China to become a strong economic power was the fostering of industrialization via the protection of China's domestic commerce, through protective tariffs. I directly tied the flourishing of domestic commerce to the livelihood of the people. One of the symptoms of China's oppression under imperialism were the “unequal treaties,” which played a crucial part in stifling economic growth. I likened economic oppression to an army composed of 100,000 men. In order to combat this economic oppression, I proposed that tariffs be used to limit the flow of cheap imports. In my Three Principles of the People, I compared tariffs to the forts which defend a nation from invasion.
Modern Chinese history would not be complete without Dr Sun Yat-Sen — he stands for a belief, an eternal calling. His life is the revolution, a turning point for China's fate. Successfully amalgamating traditional Chinese culture and Western civilization, his life was completely dedicated to the esteem and future of the Chinese people.
–Ming Bao Daily
“For more than 10 years in the last part of the Meiji reign, Sun and I were on most intimate terms. At that time, only few persons believed in the doctrines he preached. The royalist party of Kang Yu-wei and Liang Ch'I-ch'ao was a confirmed foe of his. Yet he never lost heart, but preserved till he finally succeeded in overthrowing the Ching Dynasty. Dr. Sun was born for the Chinese revolution, and died for the Chinese revolution. Without Dr. Sun there would be no China of today. Viewing his life as a whole, I can truly assert that he was the first man in political history of the whole world. His death is a great loss, not only to his party and his country, but also to all the peoples of the Eastern and Western hemispheres of the Earth.” -Ki Inukai, one of Sun's closest friends in Japan
“Although he springs from our own nation, he is not a hero of just one nation. But a great man belonging to the whole world, for his ideals and vision are not limited to our own nation, but tend to open up a new era for mankind, and shed a strong radiance upon the whole globe. I do not know about the posterity, I do not know about other nations, but so far as China of today is concerned, I can positively assert that Sun Yat Sen is the representative of our 400 million people, and that he is the hero of heroes among us Chinese.”-A fellow dare-to-die, Chen Tien Hua
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They say I’m the driving force behind the world’s first Communist state. Some have even said that I am cruel and ruthless against those who defy me. Yes, I do agree that I’m cruel and ruthless. But do they actually know why I did them? If only they knew why I’m doing all these…
It was year 1887, I had to witness the prosecution of my elder brother, who was supposedly hanged for involvement in a plot to assassinate Tsar Alexander III. I strongly believed that his decision to assassinate the Tsar, was a correct one though. I was only 17 yrs old then. They, killed my brother for doing a right thing. I was overwhelmed with sadness, yet filled with hatred for the rulers at the same time.
A year later, I read Marx’s works. I couldn’t agree to them more. It was only then, did I realize that we, the people of Russia, HAD to do something. It was to overthrow Tsarist rule. The Tsarist rule was utterly corrupt. They needed to pay for the many problems Russia was facing.
After completing my law degree as an external student in 1891, I decided to move to St Petersburg and became a professional revolutionary. This caused me to be arrested and to be sent into exile several times. But this will not stop me.
In 1914, World War I broke out. Many were killed. The Tsar’s ministers sure failed miserably as leaders. This proved me right. Something had to be done soon, real soon. People were suffering, cities were short of food. There were many homeless ones. Conditions were really bad.
During my exile in 1917, I heard a good news. There was a revolution going on. People demonstrated for the harsh conditions. Even the soldiers were not on the government’s side. I saw my chance then. My chance to rule Russia.
After my exile, I changed my name from Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov, to Lenin, which is the name that everyone now knows me of. The reason I could be released from my exile, which almost no one knows of, was because of Germany’s help. By doing so, they hoped that I could bring down the government. Which I did eventually, but not for them, it was for myself and for the nation too.
When I returned to Russia, I gained increasing support from the workers. Under my lead, the Bolshevik party became stronger and better organized. The party had strong influence in the soviets. However, the government sent me to exile once again, this time to Finland. I returned secretly in October, and began to plan a second revolution.
Soon, I led the Bolshevik party for a Communist revolution in October. It was the world’s first. This revolution, is very carefully planned, by me. My trusted ally, Trotsky helped in this. As I expected, the provisional government surrendered. Victory was mine.
By 26th October 1917, Russia had a Bolshevik government, which was under me. I had the support of workers and ordinary soldiers, but not the majority of the people. To make people respect the new rules I set, I had to use harsh methods to enforce them. The Cheka was set up to deal with anyone who opposes Bolshevism.
In 1918, I brought Russia out of World War I. Although Russia had to lose vast amounts of land to Germany, it was still good as it gave me the much needed time I required to concentrate on the internal problems. I believed that to make Russia stronger, these problems have to be solved first. After the wars and revolutions, economic activities like farming, delivering food supplies to cities and producing goods in the factories were disrupted. In fact, the Russian economy collapsed during these years. Millions starved to death or died as a result of epidemics. I had to think of a solution to all these problems
Although now there was no foreign country attacking Russia now, a civil war was going on. There was a group made of Tsarists, Liberals, Social Revolutionaries and Mensheviks opposing us. Some foreign countries even intervened as they were afraid of Communism spreading to their countries or they wanted Russia to go back into the war.
By 1921 however, we, the mighty Bolsheviks won. Trotsky was one of those who helped make it possible. Besides that, victory was also because of War communism, a new policy I introduced to the state as an emergency measure to help the Bolsheviks win the Civil war.
-Nationalization of all businesses employing more than 10 people
- Banning of private trade. This meant that goods could only be sold by the state.
-Requisitioning grain forcefully from the peasants, in order to supply the cities and the army.
However, after the civil war, there was a revolt against my government by the sailors of the Kronstadt Naval base, who had helped me during the October Revolution. I finally realized that Russia was not ready for the pure communism as set forth by Marx. I had no choice but to make some adjustments to the original War communism policy, then I introduced it to the state as the New Economic Policy.
-Let peasants keep and sell most of their crops
-allow small businesses to be privately owned.
Although I made these changes myself, I strongly believe in Socialism, still. This was just a short-term measure to help Russia get over its economic problems, they were worrying me. Hopefully in the long run, people would welcome pure communism.
Now as I reflect back on what I’d done, I have no regrets. I gave the people Peace by taking them out of World War I. I gave the people Bread, as a result of my New Economic Policy, and gave them Land by giving them a stable income and roofs above their head. I gave the nation what I had promised to give them.I helped in winning the Civil war. By taking them the nation out of World War I and introducing NEP, I minimised the number of casualties and lessened the number of deaths due to food shortages .But the thing I’m most proud of, was to be able to introduce to the state, or even to the world, the concept of Communism. I’m glad that it is starting to spread to other countries. It was no doubt, a glorious achievement for me. I’m glad to declare that I’ve contributed a lot for Russia.
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Me, Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin, could be regarded as the continuator of the immortal work of Marx and Engels, the friend and companion-in-arms of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin and continuator of his works of genius. I am considered the greatest thinker of the modern epoch, a treasure of Marxist-Leninist science. I have enriched and developed materialist dialectics -- a powerful means for the scientific understanding of social sciences, he has greatly and fruitfully influenced the development of natural sciences. Although I didn’t play any key roles in the October Revolution in 1917, I was appointed to succeed Lenin when he passed away in 1924. This proved I possessed the ability to bring Russia to greater heights, which I did with my many plans.
In 1928, I had the whole of USSR in my own hands. I was convinced that by turning USSR into a Socialist country with control of farming and industry in its hands, it will bring about a strong USSR economy. The implementation of the Three Five-Year Plans was aimed to make the above possible.
To make USSR an industrialized country, I changed the methods of farming. It was a desirable move as fewer people were required on the fields and new factories benefited as more workers were available. Economic wise, the USSR had surplus crops to sell abroad, thus encouraged the development of new factories. I had put in a lot of effort to plan this change as well as the Five Year Plans, by which both better the USSR. I did all these not for my own good, but all for the sake of USSR, my homeland, my country.
I then realized that USSR was rather backward in terms of industrial expansion. If it remained unchanged, other advanced countries might stumble upon us and crush USSR.
Collectivization of Farming and Agriculture
In order to free labor for industry and to secure food for the swelling urban population I sped up the collectivization of farming. It is also to raise the agricultural production of the country. Up to 1928, Russian agricultural system remained backward. Wooden ploughs, sickles harvesting on small holding were the common characteristics of the Russian agriculture. Only when the small farms were grouped together could big farms be formed and machines be used. I had expected that within a short period of time, Russian agricultural production would rise rapidly.
Moreover, as a result of the New Economic Policy, which is established by Lenin from 1921-1928, rich peasants (kulaks) grew up in large number in the countryside. The kulaks refused to transport their grains for sale in the cities when the prices were low. Thus the workers had to pay dearly for their food. Thus I forced the Kulaks to become members of collectives, so that they had to grow and deliver their crops at prices fixed by the government. If the price of the food was low, it would help to reduce the wages of the workers and the cost of industrial production—an important advantage for the industrialization of Russia.
Collectivization of agriculture meant that private farms were abolished. In its place large farms were set up. They were run by a number of families under the control of government officials. The kind of crops and the amount of production were decided by the needs of the district and the state. Machines were usually introduced so as to raise productivity of the land.
Vera Korableva, "Come, Comrade, Join Us in the Collective Farm!" 1930
Results of collectivization
The first immediate effect of collectivization was that because I had all the collective farms under the control of the government and that because they were obliged to deliver to the government a fixed quantity of their produce at low price, the workers in the towns were guaranteed with supply of cheap food from the countryside.
I also kept the peasants at low income level, so that the produce of the collective farms were sold in the overseas market for big profit. This was a substantial source of income which further allowed Russia to invest in industries.
In the long run, collectivization helped to raise agricultural production. Big farms economize labour, facilitate the use of system machinery, and permit more efficient marketing of the crops. By 1935 Russia could produce enough food for her home consumption. By 1939, the sown area of Russia was 1/3 larger than that in 1913. The output of grain more than doubled that of 1914.
Social results were that collective farms grouped the peasants together and made it easier for the government to control its people. I also sent many excessive farm hands in the collective to go to the towns. This provided cheap labour for industrialization. In short, agriculture was being organized on industrial lines and more geared to the needs and development of the whole country.
Rapid Industrialization
Collectivization also plays a part in my plan to carry out rapid industrialization. This is because of sending excessive farm hands to do to towns to provide cheap labour for industrialization. As I’ve said at the start, I felt that Russia was, in terms of industrialization, very far behind other very advanced countries so I carried out rapid industrialization, and caused the steel, coal and iron industries to thrive. Because of the growing number of industries, more electricity is needed. Electricity production spurred, as well as oil production.
Results of Rapid Industrialization
My rapid industrialization plan opened up new areas of industry and brought about many new opportunities for work. The number of employed women increased tremendously and Russia had begun to develop into an industrialized country instead of a country that depended heavily on agriculture, instead of a country that Russia used to be.
Rapid industrialization also made USSR a stronger country with a more stable economic base. The expansion and development of heavy industries allowed manufacture of war weapons. This gave USSR the capacity to fight a long war. Production of coal, oil and steel increased considerably and there was a spectacular growth in the engineering industry and electricity works. 
Five Year Plans
Five Year Plans were designed to industrialize the USSR in the shortest possible time and, in the process, to expedite the collectivization of farms. The plan, put into action ruthlessly, aimed at making the USSR self-sufficient and emphasized heavy industry at the expense of consumer goods. It covered the period from 1928 to 1933, but was officially considered completed in 1932.
I carried out the first Five Year Plan from 1928 to 1932 , with heavy emphasis on the development of heavy industries (coal-mining industries, the building of power-stations and tractors, and machine construction). It was designed to industrialize Russia in the shortest time possible, and to expedite the collectivization of farms. I had established the plan to make USSR self-sufficient and emphasized heavy industry. The aims of the First Five Year Plan were declared achieved in 4 years. In 1932, the output of Russian industry more than doubled the pre-war level. New factories were built—the large automobile factories at Moscow, the tractor plans at Stalingrad, the steel plants at Magnitogorsk and Kuznetsk Basin, and the hydro-electric stations at Dnieper were all built in this period. The Ural area was developed as an important industrial region. The Trans-Siberian railway, formerly single-track, was now double-tracked.
I then established the Second (1933-1937) and the Third (1939-1943) Five Year Plans, to pay more attention to the development of the light industries with the production of more consumer goods. However, as the Plans were carried out, war threat was increasing. Thus I had no choice but to shift attention to heavy industries again. Armaments were produced in great quantities. In 1936, electricity output was 16 times than that of 1913. The output of coal, steel and iron also increased by at least three times than in 1913.
Results of Five Year Plans
As a result of the Five Year Plans, by the end of 1930's, Russia had become a major industrial power. She was second in production only to the U.S.A. and Germany. In contrast with the defeat of Czarist Russia in the First World War, communist Russia could defeat even Germany in the Second World War. But it should be remembered that the Russians and of course me paid dearly for their success in rapid industrialization. It is indeed a remarkable success within so short a period of time!
In the Second Five Year Plan, some workers were found to be losing initiative to work harder. 'Capitalistic' incentives were introduced. Good workers were rewarded with higher pay. Competition (with reward) between factories was also introduced. Foreign technicians were employed to give advice.
The second Five-Year Plan (1933–37) continued and expanded the first. The third plan (1938–42) was interrupted by World War II. All three Five Year plans concentrated on agriculture and industries.
Conclusion
From the list of my contributions to Russia, my country, above, isn’t it obvious that my contributions are the most significant ones? Isn’t it so clear that I have contributed the most to my country? Collectivization, rapid industrialization, as well as the Five Year Plans plays an important role in Russia’s development over the years. Perhaps without my contributions, there wouldn’t be today’s Russia. Luckily Lenin trusted me and let me succeed him. Thus my contributions are the most among all of you and had brought Russia out of the troubled years after World War 1.
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Sch: AHS
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